• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A l.v. contact breaker is such that the metal vapour normally produced in the gap between the two contacts is considerably reduced. The metal vapour is again deposited on the contact surface. The switching chamber is evacuated and the lifespan of the contact elements is considerably increased. The unit is incorporated in motor switching circuits etc. The two switch contacts (3, 4) are shaped and mesh in the conventional pot shape. The front sides of the two contact elements which actually engage are made from one type of material and the cylindrical walls (5, 6) of a different type of material to favour condensation on latter.
    公开号:SU970645A1
    申请号:SU787770204
    申请日:1978-05-25
    公开日:1982-10-30
    发明作者:Экехард Гебауер；Клаус Рихтер
    申请人:Комбинат Феб Электро-Аппарате Верке Берлин (Инопредприятие)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to contact devices for low-voltage vacuum contactors with a current range of 630 A, characterized by very high wear resistance of contact elements and is mainly used for switching motors and similar consumers.
    Unlike a vacuum circuit breaker, which has several orders of magnitude lower electrical and mechanical wear resistance, but which provides control of currents that are several orders of magnitude higher, i.e. short-circuit currents, the main advantage of a low-voltage vacuum contactor is that it achieves very high wear resistance of contact 'elements. without the need for special care for them or their replacement.
    Such high wear resistance of contact elements in low voltage vacuum contactors is achieved through the use of specific properties of the electric arc in type A vacuum, especially favorable in this regard, associated with the existence of parallel reference points on the cathode without a pronounced reference point on the anode and without narrowing the anode nozzle. This ensures a very weak burning of the cathode material and economy of the anode material, which significantly affects the wear resistance of the contact elements. The region of existence of an electric arc in a type A vacuum in this case depends not only on the magnitude of the current, but also on the choice of the appropriate material for the contact elements, the use of the maximum possible pressure inside the chamber, and the choice of dimensions of the contact elements.
    As is known, the burning of the cathode or, at parallel reference points on the cathode, of a type A vacuum-specific electric arc, decreases with increasing pressure (OOPS 108 407). Therefore, from the point of view of increased wear resistance, it is advisable to · 970645 4 figuratively increase * the pressure in the gap between the contacts during the burning of the electric arc. However, devices with disk contacts that are known in low-voltage vacuum contactors are not suitable for this purpose.
    It is important to completely prevent the contact material from evaporating from the gap between the contacts, or to reduce it to a safe level, so that most of the contact material being vaporized can be returned for further switching and the insulation of the vacuum contactor from being deposited 15
    in. volatile metal. Detailed studies show that about 50% of the contact material, evaporating from the gap between the contacts on the cathode, leaves the gap between the contacts of 20 known devices with disk contacts and, deposited on the screen or other internal surfaces of the distribution chambers, is lost for further switching operations 25 or, occupying the insulating gap, overlaps it.
    High-voltage vacuum circuit-breakers already use contact devices whose design differs from conventional disk-shaped contact elements. Such contact elements, however, for their specific purpose, can be used in J5 chambers for switching short-circuit currents (current 5 kA, type B arc), in which there is no longer a vacuum-specific type A electric arc. In a case similar to an arc at high pressure, an electric arc in a type B vacuum with distinct individual reference points on the anodes and cathodes requires the use of a different design and 45 different sizes of the contact device. With such currents and this shape of the arc, the delay of the expressed reference points at the anodes and cathodes or the expression must necessarily be prevented. wife body of the arc, i.e., the rapid movement of this arc, its removal from the point of contact itself must be achieved in order to preserve the explosive ability and prevent 55 too much burning of the material, which, in turn, can cause repeated ignition of the arc and, thereby the formation of too high a vaporization density of the metal.
    Known contact devices such as DE-PS1 195 026 and SD-PS 19 659) meet this requirement. in which the electric arc is displaced by means of a magnetic field from the place of its occurrence or the contacting section from a conically expanding cylinder into a closed cylinder, and its forced rotation is achieved.
    The same is the purpose and known by VS-PS3 356 818 a solution where the arc moves from the kneaded and no contact means described in greater detail and mounted between the walls of the two entering each other contact elements, beginning in the form of a cylinder and ending in the form of a cone. This is true for the contact device described in DD-PS 96 801, which can be used to turn off very high currents, and using various measures it is also possible to establish a pronounced type B arc between the machines of two coaxial cylindrical contact elements entering each other.
    This device can be further improved by the well-known ps DD-PS 117 190 measures by which the arc is displaced from the so-called nominal current region, which forms the bottom of the contact cylinder in the burn area located between the cylinder walls.
    In addition, in order to improve and increase the static dielectric strength, DD-PS 128 192 proposes to implement and expand a conventional screen device so that all gaps between parts with different / potential are the same or equal to the contact solution. Further, it is proposed to make the screen so that it repeats the contours of the outer shell or fixed contacts so that the evaporating metal that freely leaves the gap between the contacts cannot fall into the insulating gap. Using the proposed device cannot be achieved by reducing the burning of the material and thereby reducing from the very beginning the exit of the evaporating metal from the gap between the contacts. A screen of this kind is open on both sides and is not allowed
    970645 6 decisively increases the pressure in the gap between the contacts as required to reduce the burning of the material.
    These devices are designed to switch very large short-circuit currents, in which the arc is forced out by various means from the gap between the contacts, the vaporized material of the contacts can be spread to an unacceptable extent for a larger number of switching operations, and these devices themselves too complicate the design of low-voltage vacuum contactors, designed for the pre-15 specified current range, and does not provide the desired increase in the wear resistance of contact elements, or only create the prerequisites for achieve a much higher strength and an insulating elek'20 ensure direction evaporating metal, in such a way that it can not enter the insulating gap.
    The purpose of the invention is to increase the wear resistance of the contact elements, which is a decisive factor for the service life of the above-mentioned vacuum contactors and create such a design of the contact elements, 3θ so that the output of the evaporated metal from the gap between the contacts can be minimized, and the evaporated contact material is again deposited would be on contact elements.
    This goal is achieved in that both contact elements are made in the guide of two cylinders entering each other. The end sides of these cylinders are composed of the contact 40 of the Nogo material as the wall - of the material creating the arc specific for the vacuum in comparison with the contacts themselves pictures more unfavorable conditions of existence, that e.. 4J higher voltage arc. The contact elements in this case are made in the form of two cylinders entering each other, and a narrow circular annular hole is formed in the inner cavity of the vacuum distribution chamber.
    The upper edge of the inner contact; · of the element is curved above the edge of the outer contact element, and the cylindrical wall of the outer contact element has a recess within the gap between the contacts for receiving the precipitating material.
    In another embodiment, the inner contact element is made in the form of a disk, and a cylindrical wall covers this disk contact. In addition, it seems appropriate to produce the cylindrical walls of the contact elements from a material that creates favorable conditions for the deposition of the evaporating contact material.
    In FIG. 1 shows a contact device, a section; in FIG. 2 - bending the wall of the inner contact element; in FIG. 3 and 4 - execution of the wall of the outer contact element.
    A fixed contact element 3 and a movable contact element 4 are attached to the electrodes 1 and 2 located in the vacuum housing.
    The contact elements 3 and 4 in this case have a cylindrical structure, and their walls 5 and b come into each other. The end faces of the contact elements 3 and 4 consist of the contact * material itself, for example Cu or Mo Cu, and walls 5 and 6 of the cheaper and creating more unfavorable conditions for the existence of an electric arc of the material, for example Fe - Ni. In addition, it seems appropriate to use different materials for walls 5 and 6, which provide good condensation of the evaporating contact material. The cylindrical walls 5 and 6 are attached in the simplest way by hot pressing to the disk-shaped end sides of the contact elements at a very small distance 7 from each other, which is equal to or less than the gap between the contacts and preferably is from 1 to 3 mm.
    A further decrease in the yield of material from the gap between the contacts 8 is achieved if the upper edge of the inner contact element 6 is bent outward above the wall of the external contact element 5 (Fig. 2), or if the wall 5 of the external contact element 3 has recesses 9 within the gap between the contacts 8 (Fig. 3) · The lower contact element 4 can be made in the form of a disk, and a cylindrical wall can cover the disk contact 3, forming a gap 10. The wall 5 is attached to the electrode 2 (Fig. 4 ').
    Parallel reference points on the ka. The currents and partial arcs remain in the narrow gap between the contacts 8, and due to the correspondingly higher pressure in the gap between the contacts during the discharge, less burning occurs, a much smaller part of the evaporating material of the contacts leaves the gap between the contacts 8, and is deposited on the corresponding anode (contact elements 3 and 4) and thus can be reused. due to the larger surface condensation evaporates; The material of contacts is generally precipitated more quickly, thereby improving the switching gap again.
    Thus, with low costs can be achieved increased wear resistance of the contact elements and thereby increase the life of the vacuum contactor.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    3 970 to figuratively increase the pressure in the gap between the contacts during the burning of the electric arc. However, known devices in low-voltage vacuum contactors with disk contacts are not suitable for this purpose. It is important to completely prevent the evaporating contact material from escaping the contact gap, or to reduce it to a safe level so that most of the evaporating contact material can be returned for further switching and to protect the insulating gap of the vacuum contactor from precipitating the evaporated metal. Detailed studies show that about 50 contacts, evaporated from the gap between the contacts on the cathode, out of the gap between the contacts of known devices with disk contacts, and deposited on the screen or other internal surfaces of the distribution chambers, are lost for further switching operations or, taking an insulating gap, closes it. In high-voltage vacuum circuit breakers contact devices are already used, m-instructions | which differs from conventional disc-shaped contact elements. Such contact elements, however, for their specific purpose, can be used in chambers for switching short-circuit currents (current 5 kA, arc of type B), in which an electrical vacuum of type A, specific to vacuum, no longer exists. In the case of a high-pressure arc, an electric arc in a vacuum of type B with distinct individual reference points on the anodes and cathodes requires the use of a different design and other dimensions of the contact device. With such currents and such an arc form, the delay of pronounced anchor points on the anodes and cathodes or the pronounced arc body must be prevented, i.e., this arc should be quickly moved, removed from the place of the contact itself, in order to preserve breaking capacity and prevent too much burning of the material, which, in turn, can cause re-ignition of the arc and, thereby, the formation of an excessively high evaporation density of the metal. This requirement is met by known contact devices, for example, DE-PS1 195 026 and SD-PS 19 659), in which an electric arc is displaced from a place of its origin or a contacting area from a conically expanding cylinder to a closed cylinder by means of a magnetic field, and its forced rotation. The same goal is also pursued by the solution known from VS-PS3 35b 818, in which the arc moves from contact not described in more detail means and is installed between the walls of two contact elements entering into each other, starting in the form of a cylinder and ending in a cone. This is also true for the contact device described in DD-PS 9b 801, which can be used to switch off very large currents, and using various measures also provides for the pronounced type B arc between the machines of two coaxial cylindrical counters that enter each other. This device can be further improved by the measures 190, known from DD-PS 117, by means of which the arc is expelled from the so-called nominal current area, which forms the bottom of the contact cylinder in the burning area, located between the walls of the cylinder. In addition, in order to improve and increase the static electrical strength, in DD-PS 128 192, it is proposed to perform and expand the conventional screen arrangement so that all the gaps between the parts with different potential are the same or equal to the contact solution. Further, it is proposed to make the screen so that it repeats the contours of the outer shell or the fixed contacts so that the evaporating metal could not escape unhindered between the contacts. The insulating gap could not fall through the contacts. With the help of the proposed device, there can be no reduction in the burning of the material and thus a reduction from the very beginning of the release of the evaporating metal from the gap between the contacts. A screen of this type is open on both sides and does not allow the pressure in the gap between the contacts to be increased in a decisive way, as is required to reduce the burning of the material. These devices are provided for switching very large short-circuit currents, in which the arc is displaced by various means from the gap between the contacts, the evaporating material of the contacts can spread inadmissible for a larger number of switching operations, and the devices themselves are too complicated to design low-voltage vacuum contactors designed for the prescribed current range, and do not both ensure the desired increase in the wear resistance of the contact elements, or only create prerequisites for A much higher elec tron strength and ensuring the direction of the evaporating metal are such that it cannot penetrate 3 insulating gaps. The purpose of the invention is to increase the wear resistance of the contact elements. It is a decisive factor. For the service life of the above-mentioned vacuum contactors and the creation of such a design of contact elements so that the output of the evaporating metal from the gap between the contacts could be limited to a minimum, and the evaporating material of the contacts would again settle on the contact elements. The goal is achieved by the fact that both contact elements are made in the guide of two cylinders which fit into each other. The end sides of these cylinders consist of the contact material itself, and the walls of the material, which create an arc specific for vacuum as compared to the material of the contacts themselves, have more adverse conditions of existence, i.e. a higher voltage of the electric arc. In this case, the contact elements are made in the form of two cylinders which are inserted into each other, and a narrow circular annular hole is formed in the inner cavity of the vacuum distribution chamber. The upper edge of the inner contact element is bent over the edge of the outer contact element, and the cylindrical wall of the outer contact element has a recess within the gap between the contacts for receiving the precipitating material. 5 In another embodiment, the internal contact element is in the form of a disk, and a cylindrical wall encloses this disk contact. In addition, it is advisable to make the cylindrical walls of the contact elements from a material that creates favorable conditions for the deposition of the evaporating material of the contacts. On .fig. 1 shows a contact device, a slit; in fig. 2 - bending of the wall of the internal contact element; in fig. 3 and 4 - execution of the wall of the outer contact element. The stationary contact element 3 and the movable contact element Ts are attached to the electrodes 1 and 2 located in the vacuum housing. The contact elements 3 and 4 are cylindrical in design and their walls 5 and 6 fit into each other. The ends of the contact elements 3 and 4 consist of the contact material itself, such as Cu or Mo Cu, and walls 5 and 6 consist of cheaper and more adverse conditions for the existence of an electric arc material, such as Fe-Ni. In addition, it is advisable to use a material for the walls 5 and 6, which provides good condensation of the evaporating contact material. The cylindrical walls 5 and 6 are attached in the simplest manner by hot pressing in to the disc-shaped end faces of the contact elements at a very small distance 7 from each other, which is equal to or less than the gap between the contacts and preferably from 1 to 3 mm. A further decrease in the release of material from the gap between the contacts 8 is achieved if the upper edge of the internal contact element 6 is bent outward above the wall of the external contact element 5 (Fig. 2), or if the wall 5 of the external contact element 3 has notches 9 within the gap between the contacts 8 (Fig. 3). The lower contact element k can also be made in the form of a disk, and the cylindrical wall can cover the disk contact 3, thus forming the gap 10. The wall 5 is attached to the electrode 2 (Fig. T). Parallel reference points on the cathodes and partial arcs remain in the narrow gap between the contacts 8, and due to the correspondingly greater pressure in the gap between the contacts 8, less burning occurs during the discharge, a much smaller part of the evaporating material of the contacts leaves the gap between the contacts 8, precipitates on corresponding to the anode (contact elements 3 and) and thus can be reused because of the larger surface of the condensation of the evaporating material, the contacts in general accumulate more quickly, thereby again e simplification of the switching period. In this way, the increased wear resistance of the contact elements can be achieved at low cost and thus the service life of the vacuum contactor is increased. Claim 1. Contact device for low-voltage vacuum contactors with a rated current range of up to approximately 630 A, characterized by the fact that one of the contact e / land 3; or both of these contact elements have an eminent cylindrical design, these contact elements overlap each other, or the internal contact element is designed as a disk, and the cylindrical wall surrounds this disk contact, and the front sides of the cylinders of the contact material itself, and the walls of 5 6 of. a material that creates worse conditions compared with the material of the contacts themselves to maintain an electric arc, for example, an increased arc voltage, as well as the fact that the distance 7 between both cylindrical walls of the contact elements is equal to or less than the maximum gap between the contacts, 2 An arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper edge of the inner contact element is bent outwardly. 3, The device according to claim 1, 1, ..., tt l and so that the cylindrical wall 5 of the external contact element within the gap between the contacts 8 has a notch 9, 4, the device according to claim 1, 1, characterized in that the cylindrical walls of the contact elements t of a material that provides the best conditions for condensing an evaporating material. Recognized as an invention according to the results of the examination carried out by the Office for the Invention of the German Democratic Republic,
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    YU123078A|1982-06-30|
    CS226755B1|1984-04-16|
    PL118529B1|1981-10-31|
    YU40916B|1986-08-31|
    AT374964B|1984-06-25|
    DD131426B1|1980-01-30|
    BG32824A1|1982-10-15|
    DE2815059C2|1982-12-02|
    PL207656A1|1979-04-09|
    ATA258478A|1983-10-15|
    DE2815059A1|1978-12-21|
    DD131426A1|1978-06-21|
    HU180227B|1983-02-28|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US3612795A|1969-01-09|1971-10-12|Westinghouse Electric Corp|Shielding arrangements for vacuum-type circuit interrupters of the two-contact type|
    US3670129A|1970-08-17|1972-06-13|Westinghouse Electric Corp|Electrical contact members|
    DD96801A1|1971-11-27|1973-04-12|DE3150973C2|1981-12-23|1989-09-14|Calor-Emag Elektrizitaets-Ag, 4030 Ratingen, De|
    DE3304803C2|1983-02-11|1988-01-28|Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen, De|
    DE4447391C1|1994-12-23|1996-06-05|Siemens Ag|Vacuum switch|
    DE102008031472B4|2008-07-02|2010-05-06|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Vacuum interrupter|
    DE102018212953A1|2018-08-02|2020-02-06|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Locking contact system|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DD19954977A|DD131426B1|1977-06-17|1977-06-17|SWITCH ASSEMBLY FOR LOW VOLTAGE VACUUM SHOULDERS|
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